Ke hoʻohana ʻoe i nā ʻenekini ʻimi ʻokoʻa e ʻimi i ka "Japan metallurgy", e ʻike ʻoe i nā ʻano ʻatikala a me nā wikiō i ʻimi ʻia e ʻōlelo ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka metallurgy Iapana ma mua o ka honua no nā makahiki he nui, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻo Kina, ʻAmelika a me Russia. e like me Iapana, e kaena ana no Iapana a e hehi ana maluna o Kina, Amerika Huipuia a me Rusia, aka, he oiaio anei keia?Ua komo nui ʻo Mobei i ka ʻoihana bearing no nā makahiki he nui.Pono ʻo ia e hoʻoponopono i ka inoa o ke kila kila o Kina a hōʻike i ke kiʻekiʻe maoli o ke kila kila o Kina, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o kou mau manaʻo!
Hoʻopili ka ʻoihana metallurgical i kahi ākea, me nā metala ferrous like ʻole a me nā metala non-ferrous.He paʻakikī ke hoʻohālikelike pololei i ka ʻāina e alakaʻi nei.Eia naʻe, maʻalahi ka hōʻoia inā ke alakaʻi nei ka metallurgy o Iapana i ka honua.Hiki iā mākou ke nānā mua i ke kūlana mākeke holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻoihana metallurgical, a laila hoʻomaopopo hohonu i ke ʻano hoʻokūkū o kekahi mau huahana metallurgical kī.'O ka holo'oko'a, he 380 billion US ka mākele kila kila, Kina he 39.8 billion US dollars, Iapana he 26.7 billion US dollars, Germany he 25.4 billion US dollars, South Korea he 23.5 billion US dollars a me Russia he 19.8 billion US dollars. .Ma keʻano o kaʻikepili hoʻokuʻu kila, aiaʻo Kina ma mua o Iapana.E ʻōlelo kekahi poʻe, "He nui wale ke kila o Kina akā ʻaʻole ikaika", akā, ua loaʻa ʻiʻo iā Kina ka nui o nā kuʻi haole ma o ka lawe ʻana i ke kila.Wahi a ka ʻikepili holoʻokoʻa o ke kila, ʻaʻole alakaʻi ʻo Iapana i ka honua.A laila, ʻike ʻia ka hoʻokūkū o nā huahana metallurgical kī.ʻO ke kaulahao waiwai o ferrous metala pyramid mai kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa ʻo ia: superalloy, mea hana a me ke kila make, ke kila kila, ke kila ikaika ultra-kiʻekiʻe, ke kila kila a me ke kila kila.
ʻO ka hui nui
E kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā superalloys.Aia nā superalloys ma luna o ke kaulahao waiwai pyramid.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā superalloys he 0.02% wale nō o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kila, akā ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mākeke e like me ka ʻumi o nā piliona kālā, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona kumukūʻai ma mua o nā huahana kila ʻē aʻe.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kumukūʻai i ka manawa like, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai no ke tona o ka superalloy ke kiʻekiʻe e like me nā ʻumi kaukani kālā, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai no ke tona o ke kila kila he mau kaukani kālā, a ʻo ke kumu kūʻai no ke tona o ke kila maʻemaʻe he mau haneli kālā.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā superalloys i nā aerospace a me nā turbines kinoea.ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 mau ʻoihana hiki ke hana i nā Superalloys no ka aerospace a puni ka honua.Manaʻo nā ʻāina he nui i nā huahana superalloy i nā noi aerospace e like me nā mea kaua hoʻolālā.
ʻO ka PCC (precision castparts Corp) ma waena o nā ʻoihana ʻelima kiʻekiʻe i ka hana superalloy honua ʻO kāna mau ʻoihana SMC (Special Metals Corporation), VDM o Kelemānia, imphy alloys o Farani, kamana ʻenehana ʻoihana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ATI (Allegheny Technologies Inc) o ka ʻO ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a laila koho ʻia ma Hitachi metala a me ka ʻoihana metallurgical ma Iapana.Ke nānā nei i ka hopena o nā ʻoihana āpau, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka huahana o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Mea paahana a make kila
Ma waho aʻe o ka mea hana a me ke kila make, ʻo ka mea hana a me ke kila make ka inoa maʻamau o ke kila make a me ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe.ʻO ia ka hapa nui o nā mea make a me nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe.ʻIke ʻia ka mea hana ʻo "ka makuahine o ka ʻoihana hou", e hōʻike ana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka mea hana kila i ka ʻoihana hou.ʻO ka mea hana a me ke kila make he ʻano kila kūikawā me ka waiwai hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai huahana ma mua o ke kila kūikawā maʻamau.
ʻO nā ʻoihana ʻelima kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka puka honua o ka mea paahana a me ke kila make: Austria VAI / Voestalpine, Kina Tiangong international, Kelemānia smo bigenbach / schmolz + bickenbach, Northeast Kina kila kūikawā, Kina Baowu, Iapana Datong i ke ono, a me nā ʻoihana Kina. ʻO 20 i ka huahana: Hebei Wenfeng hui ʻoihana, Qilu kila kūikawā, Great Wall kūikawā kila, Taiwan Ronggang CITIC.Ma nā ʻōlelo o nā ʻoihana 20 kiʻekiʻe e hana ana i nā mea hana a me ke kila make, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka mea hana a me ke kila make ma Kina ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Hapai kila
E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ka lawe kila.ʻO ke kila amo kekahi o nā ʻano kila koʻikoʻi ma nā hana kila a pau.Loaʻa iā ia nā koi koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka kūlike o ka haku mele, ka ʻike a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā inclusions non-metallic a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā carbide o ke kila kila.ʻO ka mea nui, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kila o nā bearings kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke halihali i ka ukana no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā pono nō hoʻi, hiki ke kāohi, paʻakikī a hilinaʻi.ʻO ia kekahi o nā kila kūikawā paʻakikī loa e honi.ʻO Fushun Special Steel aviation bearing steel products i loaʻa i ka māhele mākeke home ma mua o 60%.
ʻO ka nui o ke kūʻai aku o Daye Special Steel Bearing Steel he hapakolu o ka huina kūʻai nui ma Kina, a ʻo ke kaʻaahi hao hao he 60% o ka māhele mākeke aupuni.Daye Hoʻohana ʻia ke kila kila kūikawā no nā bearings ma nā kaʻa kaʻa kiʻekiʻe ma Farani a me Kelemānia, a me nā bearings kaʻaahi kiʻekiʻe i lawe ʻia mai Kina.ʻO Daye Special Steel, ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe no ka mana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka peʻa a me ka makani mana e lawe ana i nā mea ʻōwili, loaʻa i ka mākeke kūloko o ka ʻoi aku ma mua o 85%, a ua lawe ʻia aku nā huahana kila makani kiʻekiʻe i ʻEulopa, India. a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana o ke kila kila o Xingcheng Special Steel i pae mua ma Kina no 16 mau makahiki a me ka mua ma ka honua no 10 mau makahiki.Ma ka mākeke kūloko, ua hiki i ka 85% ka māhele o ke kila kila kiʻekiʻe.Mai ka makahiki 2003, ua lawe mālie ʻia ke kila kila o Xingcheng Special Steel e nā mea hana ʻewalu bearing o ka honua, me Sweden SKF, Germany Schaeffler, Japan NSK, France ntn-snr, etc.
Ma ke ʻano o ka mākeke kūloko, noho nā ʻoihana Kina i ka hapa nui o ka mākeke.He mākeke nui ʻo Kina.He mea maopopo ʻole ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka honua me ka ʻole o Kina.ʻAʻole kākoʻo kēia mau ʻikepili i ke kūlana alakaʻi o Iapana ma ka honua no nā makahiki he mau makahiki.ʻO nā huaʻōlelo kumu a Wang Huaishi, Kakauolelo Nui o Kina Hui Pū ʻIa Kūikawā Kūikawā, penei: ʻo ka maikaʻi o ke kino o ka lawe ʻana i nā huahana kila ma Kina ua hiki i ka pae alakaʻi honua, i ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole wale i nā hōʻailona ʻenehana, akā i ka lawe ʻana mai a hoʻokuʻu aku.
Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, heʻuʻuku loa ka nui o ke kila halihali i laweʻia mai, a hiki i Kina ke hana i nāʻano likeʻole;Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, ua lawe ʻia a kūʻai ʻia aku ka nui o nā mea hao kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i hana ʻia ma Kina a kūʻai ʻia e nā ʻoihana halihali kiʻekiʻe o ka honua.
Ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa
Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kila ikaika ultra-kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ke kila me ka ikaika hua ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 1180mpa a me ka ikaika tensile ma mua o 1380mpa.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka ʻoihana aerospace a me ka ʻoihana kaʻa.He mea kila ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻokele mokulele a me nā ʻāpana palekana kaʻa.ʻO ka huahana kila ultra-kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe loa i ke kahua kaʻa kaʻa he alumini silika i uhi ʻia i ke kila wela.ʻO ka pahu silika alumini ka mea hoʻohua wela e hana ʻo ArcelorMittal i ka ʻoihana me ka mākeke kiʻekiʻe loa o nā mea kila no BIW ma ka honua.ʻO ArcelorMittal alumini silicon coating hot forming products no kahi o 20% o nā mea kila i hoʻohana ʻia no BIW (me ka wahie hoʻokele a me nā kaʻa uila) i ka honua.
ʻO ka alumini silicon coated 1500MPa hot stamping steel ka mea koʻikoʻi loa no nā ʻāpana palekana kaʻa, me ka noi makahiki o kahi kokoke i 4 miliona tons ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻenehana hoʻopili silika alumini e ArcelorMittal o Luxembourg i ka makahiki 1999 a ua hoʻokumu mālie ʻo ia i monopoly a puni ka honua.ʻO ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe no ke kaʻa maʻamau e pili ana i 5000 yuan no ke tona, ʻoiai ʻo ke kila alumini i uhi ʻia i ke kila wela i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ArcelorMittal ʻoi aku ia ma mua o 8000 yuan no ke tona, ʻo ia ka 60% ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai.Ma waho aʻe o kāna hana ponoʻī, e laikini pū ʻia ʻo ArcelorMittal i kekahi mau hui kila a puni ka honua no ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku, e uku ana i nā uku laikini patent kiʻekiʻe.A hiki i ka makahiki 2019, i ka hālāwai kūkā māmā kaʻa kaʻa Kina, ua hoʻokuʻu ka hui o Profesor Yi Hongliang, State Key Laboratory o ka ʻenehana ʻōwili a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka holo ʻana o ke Kulanui o Northeast, i kahi ʻenehana pale silika alumini hou, e wāwahi ana i ka monopoly patent 20 makahiki o ArcelorMittal.
ʻO ka huahana kaulana loa ma ke kahua mokulele ʻo ʻAmelika honua nickel 300M kila o ka hui ʻo ia ka pae ʻana o ke kila me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe, ka hana hoʻokō maikaʻi loa a me ka hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka honua.I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ma mua o 90% o nā mea hoʻokele hoʻokele o nā mokulele kaua a me nā mokulele kīwila e lawelawe ana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i hana ʻia me 300M kila.
Kila kohu 'ole
Ma waho aʻe o ke kila kila, ʻaʻole maʻalahi kēia ʻano kila i ka ʻino a me ka ʻōpala e like me ke kila maʻamau.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka ʻoihana kaumaha, ka ʻoihana māmā, ka ʻoihana pono i kēlā me kēia lā, ka hoʻonaninani hale a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.ʻO nā ʻoihana 10 kiʻekiʻe i ka hana kila kuhili honua: Kina Qingshan, Kina Taiyuan hao a me ke kila, South Korea POSCO hao a me ke kila, Kina Chengde, Sepania acerinox, Finland ottokunp, ʻEulopa ampron, Kina Anshan hao a me ke kila, Lianzhong stainless steel, Kina Delong nickel a me Kina Baosteel kila kila.
He 56.3% ka mahele o ka hana kila kuhili honua ma Kina, 15.1% ma Asia (koe o Kina a me South Korea), 13% ma Europa a me 5% ma United States.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana a Kina ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Kila kohu 'ole
Ma waho aʻe o ke kila kila, ʻaʻole maʻalahi kēia ʻano kila i ka ʻino a me ka ʻōpala e like me ke kila maʻamau.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka ʻoihana kaumaha, ka ʻoihana māmā, ka ʻoihana pono i kēlā me kēia lā, ka hoʻonaninani hale a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.ʻO nā ʻoihana 10 kiʻekiʻe i ka hana kila kuhili honua: Kina Qingshan, Kina Taiyuan hao a me ke kila, South Korea POSCO hao a me ke kila, Kina Chengde, Sepania acerinox, Finland ottokunp, ʻEulopa ampron, Kina Anshan hao a me ke kila, Lianzhong stainless steel, Kina Delong nickel a me Kina Baosteel kila kila.
He 56.3% ka mahele o ka hana kila kuhili honua ma Kina, 15.1% ma Asia (koe o Kina a me South Korea), 13% ma Europa a me 5% ma United States.ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hana a Kina ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
Ke kila kila
E kamaʻilio kākou e pili ana i ke kila maʻemaʻe.ʻO Kina ka 56.5%, ka European Union no 8.4%, India no 5.3%, Iapana no 4.5%, Russia no 3.9%, United States no 3.9%, South Korea no 3.6%, Turkey no 1.9% a me Brazil no 1.7%. .Aia ʻo Kina ma mua o ka māhele mākeke.
Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā huahana metallurgical like ʻole i ke kaulahao waiwai o ka pyramid metala ferrous, ʻaʻole hōʻike ke kumu hoʻokūkū mākeke maoli i ke alakaʻi ʻana o Iapana i ka honua no nā makahiki he mau makahiki.Nui nā ʻatikala a me nā wikiō ma ka Pūnaewele e ʻōlelo ana e alakaʻi ka metallurgy o Iapana i ka honua e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka lima o ka hanauna hoʻokahi kristal superalloy i hoʻomohala mua ʻia e Iapana, ʻo ia ke kumu nui.
Pono e ʻike ʻia ʻo ka superalloy kristal hoʻokahi e hele ma mua o 15 mau makahiki o ke kaʻina hoʻomohala mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana a hiki i ke oʻo.No ka laʻana, ʻo ka lua o ka lua o ka lua o ka kristal superalloy Ren é N5, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia e GE, i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka alloy i nā makahiki 1980 mua a ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia a hiki i ka waena a me ka hope o 1990s.ʻO ka lua o ka lua o ka lua o ka crystal superalloy pwa1484, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia e Pratt Whitney, i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā makahiki 1980 mua a ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i F110 a me nā aeroengines holomua a hiki i ka waena a me ka hope o 1990s.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā papahana ʻenekini ma nā ʻāina ʻē ke hoʻopaʻa wikiwiki i ka superalloy kristal hoʻokahi o nā hanauna ʻelima o Iapana.ʻO ka mea hiki wale nō ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ka mea hou o Iapana.Hoʻolālā ke aupuni o Iapana e hoʻokau i kahi mea kaua hanauna hou i ka makahiki 2035, ʻo ia hoʻi, e lōʻihi ka manawa e ʻike ai i kēia ʻelima mau hanauna i hoʻohana nui ʻia.No laila Iapana He aha ka hana o ka lima o ka hanauna hoʻokahi kristal superalloy?ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia nā mea a pau.
Pono kākou e ʻike ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia ka mua a i ka ʻehā o ka hanauna o Iapana, ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻike ai ua hoʻi hope nā superalloy kristal hoʻokahi o Iapana i kēia manawa.ʻO ke kumu hoʻokūkū mākeke o superalloy, mea hana a me ke kila make, ke kila kila, ke kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe loa, ke kila kila a me ke kila kila, ʻaʻole ia e hōʻike i ka lima o ka hanauna hoʻokahi kristal superalloy i alakaʻi ʻia e ka metallurgy o Iapana i ka honua no nā makahiki he mau makahiki a ʻaʻole maoli. pili.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻoia i ke alakaʻi ʻana o ka metallurgy o Iapana i ka honua no nā makahiki he mau makahiki, ʻoiai inā hiki i nā mea kākau o ia mau ʻatikala a me nā wikiō ke hiki ke nānā i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i nā ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Nīnau nā hoaaloha he nui, "no ke aha e hiki ʻole ai i nā bearings Kina?", Ua pane mai ka poʻe he nui: "He ʻilihune ka hana ʻana o Kina, a ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka mālama ʻana i ka wela."nui nā nīnau a me nā pane like.ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole paha iʻike ka poʻe he nuiʻaʻoleʻo Kina wale nō e hoʻolako i nā mea waiwai - e lawe ana i ke kila no nāʻoihana'ē aʻe, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā'āpana halihali kī a hiki i ka hoʻopauʻana i nā bearings no nāʻoihana haole kaulana e like me SKF ma Suedena, Schaeffler ma Germany, Timken ma ʻO ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me NSK ma Iapana.
I ka pōkole, aia kekahi hapa o ka "hana ʻia ma Kina" ma waena o nā mea hana ʻehiku kiʻekiʻe o ka honua.Hiki i nā ʻoihana halihali kaulana e like me SKF ma Suedena, Schaeffler ma Kelemānia, Timken ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me NSK ma Iapana ke kūʻai aku i nā ʻāpana Kina a me nā mea maka i loko o nā pūʻulu, ua lawa ia e hōʻoia ai i ka hana ʻana o Kina a me ka mālama wela e hiki ke hālāwai me ka ʻenehana. koi;ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā bearings Kina e nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe kaulana hiki ke wehewehe i ka maikaʻi a me ka hana o nā bearings Kina, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā pono maoli o nā mea hoʻohana.
ʻO ka ʻoihana halihali o Kina ua lilo a ʻoi aku ka oʻo me ka ulu ʻana o ka manawa.Mai ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ʻoihana a hiki i ka lawe ʻana i ka ʻenehana hou, a mai ka piʻi ʻana o ka huahana i ke kūʻai ʻana i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hiki iā mākou ke haʻi i ke ao nei he ʻāina hikiʻole ke hoʻoluliluli ʻia ʻo Kina. !E like me ka inoa 1 e-commerce o nā huahana ʻenehana o Kina, e hāʻawi pū ʻo Mobei i kona ikaika ponoʻī i ka ʻoihana hana ʻana o Kina e pili ana i nā kūlana aupuni o Kina, i hiki ke lohe ʻia ka "hana ma Kina" a puni ka honua!
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-27-2021